Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is increasingly becoming the cornerstone of modern land surveying. It provides centimeter-level accuracy in real-time by correcting GPS signals. With the adoption of the latest signal structures, RTK is increasingly capable of replacing traditional total station and robotic total station setups in a number of different applications. In applications like construction, boundary surveys, topographic mapping, and infrastructure development RTK GPS can significantly outperform optical instruments. However, to achieve reliable and accurate results, surveyors need the right equipment tailored to the unique demands of RTK surveying. In this article we are going to go over what you need to start surveying with RTK GPS equipment, including base stations, gnss receivers, software, and data collectors.
Introduction to RTK GPS in Surveying
Key Considerations for Choosing RTK GPS Equipment
Applications of RTK GPS in Land Surveying
RTK GPS works by using a base station and one or more rovers to measure the relative positions between them. The base station remains in a fixed position and transmits correction data to the rover(s), allowing for highly precise positioning. This real-time correction requires a well-equipped system, comprising several integrated components. To learn more about RTK works, check out our video below.
What is a Base Station?
A base station is the cornerstone of an RTK GPS system. Its primary function is to calculate and broadcast correction data to rover units. The base station does this by being placed over either a known or averaged (unknown) position. The base then takes the information broadcast by the satellites and transmits the information to the rover over either cell or UHF communications.
You have two different options for base stations, you can either run a local base station in a traditional base and rover setup, or by connecting the rover to a network of bases, like those provided by local states / provinces (Free State Networks) or private companies (CanNet, Smartnet). A well-chosen base station has an open view of the sky with no nearby obstructions and is within 20 km of the working area.
What You Should Look For
When looking to get a new base station, you want to look for a receiver that is capable of using the latest satellite signals. A modern 7th generation RTK receiver should be able to see signals from all major GNSS constellations including; GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo. The rover is only able to use the data that the base station is capable of broadcasting. Therefore, you want the most modern receiver possible at the base position.
Another factor to consider is the internal communication options on the base. A high-quality base station should be able to transmit correction data to rovers via radio or cell / internet connections.
Examples
What is a Rover?
The rover is the mobile component of an RTK GPS system, used to capture data at various points on the survey site. It receives corrections from the base station to determine sub-centimeter precise positions. Corrections can either be received over a cellular network or a rover network. You can see an example of how far you can travel from your base station in the video below.
What You Should Look For
As with the base station, to get the best performance you will want an RTK receiver that is capable of using the latest signals. Including the constellations that were mentioned earlier, this includes signals like L5, B2B, E6BC and others. This will give you the best performance under trees and near buildings and give you the needed precision even in difficult spots.
Other things to consider, especially if you plan to use the receiver all day is to consider the weight of the receiver. You will be carrying the receiver for large parts of the day, a lightweight receiver can make all of the difference. When you pair a lightweight receiver with a tilt sensor, this can also spare your body a lot of wear and tear.
Examples
What is a Data Collector
Data collectors are handheld or tablet-like devices used to manage and store survey data. They serve as the interface between the surveyor and the RTK system. Without your data collector you cannot store your coordinates in real-time.
Depending on the model of your data collector, you may have different operating systems. The vast majority of survey software runs on one of two platforms, Windows or Android. Ensuring you have a data collector that can run your software is important in ensuring you get the most out of your equipment.
What You Should Look For
When purchasing a data collector, there are a couple of different things to consider. One of the most important things to consider is whether or not the data collector is properly rated for the conditions in the field. This means you want to look for a data collector with an IP68 or IP67 environmental rating for the enclosure. Both these ratings ensure they are able to be used in the rain, snow or dust without needing to worry about the data collector.
You may also want to consider the style of the screen that the data collector uses. Some of the data collectors can be difficult to see in the sun, or may have too small of a screen. Finally, many surveyors like having the ability to use a keyboard with their data collector. Some like the Mesa Series and Juniper Series data collectors have attachable keyboard options.
Examples
Surveying software plays a vital role in processing, analyzing, and visualizing RTK GPS data. It enhances productivity by providing tools for planning, real-time corrections, and post-survey analysis. It also allows you to perform calculations in the field, manipulate and layout CAD files, and generate surfaces.
What You Should Consider
When looking for a field software package, you’ll want to take a look at several different options. However, the key things to look for are; compatibility with your file systems, ease of use, and the ability to operate your hardware. Often times, manufacturers look their software to only work with their hardware. It is important to look for an open-source software package that will allow you to work with the equipment that best fits your needs.
It is also important to consider what kind of workflow you are looking to implement. If you are someone who does a lot boundary work, you will want to look for a package with plenty of COGO options, whereas if you are more construction focused, you will want to focus on software with features that make you faster during topographic and layout workflows. Features like Stake Nearest Point in FieldGenius and Groups Codes are great examples of features that can speed you up in the field.
Popular Options
What Options Do You Have?
With accessories, there are as many options as you could possibly want. You have the ability to really customize your system to meet your needs. On your rover, you have the ability to choose between aluminum, steel and carbon fiber poles, which themselves can be adjustable or fixed in height. You can then option on bipods, tripods, extensions, clamps and more.
For the base, there are several different tripod options, extended battery options, radios, and more. To find the right accessories for your application, talk to veteran surveyors in your area, or speak to your local equipment shop to see what they have that best fits your needs.
Examples
Drones
More and more, we are seeing drones, begin to be integrated with RTK equipment. Whether they photogrammetry or LiDAR drones RTK is being increasingly used to reduce post-processing time and increase the speed of deliverables.
GPR
Many of the new Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems on the market can integrate RTK data into their collectors. However, you may want to consider a base station that can broadcast at 900 MHz to avoid interference with the GPR, as many run in the 400 MHz spectrum which is the standard UHF frequency. (The S631 is capable of doing just that).
Other Options
Increasingly, with the widespread adoption of RTK more and more equipment, like total stations, IMU sensors, autonomous vehicles, machine control, and more are starting to integrate RTK data to enhance their performance.
1. Survey Requirements
Precision Needs: Applications requiring sub-centimeter accuracy (e.g., cadastral surveys) demand high-end equipment.
Area of Coverage: Large areas may require advanced communication systems or CORS network integration.
2. Environmental Conditions
Equipment must be rugged and weatherproof for field use in diverse climates.
3. Budget
High-quality RTK systems are a significant investment. However, leasing or purchasing refurbished equipment can provide cost-effective alternatives.
4. Ease of Use
User-friendly interfaces and straightforward workflows minimize training requirements and operational errors.
1. Boundary Surveys
RTK GPS systems are widely used for establishing property boundaries with high precision.
2. Topographic Mapping
Surveyors can create detailed terrain maps efficiently using RTK technology.
3. Construction Layout
RTK GPS ensures accurate placement of structures, utilities, and infrastructure.
4. Infrastructure Development
RTK technology supports road construction, bridge building, and other large-scale projects by providing accurate geospatial data.
RTK GPS technology has transformed land surveying by delivering unparalleled precision and efficiency. Surveyors must carefully select the right equipment—base stations, receivers, antennas, software, and accessories—based on their specific needs and operating conditions. By understanding the components and their functions, professionals can harness the full potential of RTK GPS for accurate and reliable surveys. With ongoing advancements, RTK GPS will continue to play a vital role in shaping the future of geospatial technologies.
RTK GPS, or Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System, is a technology that provides centimeter-level accuracy by correcting GPS signals in real time. It uses a base station and one or more rovers to measure relative positions. The base station remains fixed and transmits correction data to the rover(s), enabling highly precise positioning for applications like boundary surveys, construction layout, and topographic mapping.
A basic RTK GPS setup includes a base station, GNSS RTK rover, a handheld or tablet-style data collector, and field surveying software. Accessories such as tripods, poles, and communication devices (e.g., UHF radios or cellular modems) are also essential for a complete system. Depending on your requirements, additional tools like drones or GPR systems can complement your setup.
When selecting a base station, prioritize models that support multiple GNSS constellations (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo) and advanced signal types like L5, B2B, and E6BC for better accuracy in challenging conditions. For rovers, consider features such as lightweight design, tilt sensors, and multi-constellation support for precision and usability. Both devices should offer reliable communication options, such as UHF or cellular connectivity.
Surveying software is crucial for managing, analyzing, and visualizing the data collected by RTK systems. It enables real-time corrections, CAD file manipulation, and field calculations. When choosing software, ensure compatibility with your hardware and look for features that align with your workflow, such as COGO tools for boundary work or topographic mapping features for construction.
Accessories such as adjustable carbon-fiber poles, stable tripods, and high-capacity batteries can improve efficiency and reliability in the field. For advanced applications, adding drones equipped with RTK for aerial surveys or integrating RTK with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems can expand your capabilities and reduce post-processing time. Always consult with experienced surveyors or equipment providers to find the best accessories for your needs.
Bench Mark Equipment & Supplies is your team to trust with all your surveying equipment. We have been providing high-quality surveying equipment to land surveyors, engineers, construction, airborne and resource professionals since 2002. This helps establish ourselves as the go-to team in Calgary, Canada, and the USA. Plus, we provide a wide selection of equipment, including global navigation satellite systems, RTK GPS equipment, GNSS receivers, and more. We strive to provide the highest level of customer care and service for everyone. To speak to one of our team today, call us at 403-286-0333 or email us at [email protected].
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