RTK vs. Robotic Total Stations: The Best Survey Equipment for One-Man Surveying Companies

As surveying technology continues to evolve, the tools available to surveyors have become more sophisticated and more accessible. For one-man surveying companies, this technological advancement has been particularly transformative, enabling solo operators to achieve the same level of precision and efficiency that once required a full crew. But with so many new technologies and different options available it can be daunting to choose the right system for your needs. Among the most popular tools are RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) systems and Robotic Total Stations. Each of these systems offer unique benefits and drawbacks. However, they are more often than not the right solution for those looking to run single man crews, or our running by themselves. This article will explore which of these systems are best for your needs, helping you make an informed decision about which is best suited to your business.

RTK Equipment: Harnessing the Power of Real-Time Precision

Pros and Cons of RTK Equipment

Best Applications for RTK

Robotic Total Stations: The Power of Precision and Automation

Pros and Cons of Robotic Total Stations

Best Applications for Robotic Total Stations

RTK vs. Robotic Total Stations: Which Should You Choose?

Conclusions

FAQs

RTK Equipment: Harnessing the Power of Real-Time Precision

What is RTK?

Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a GNSS-based system that enhances the accuracy of position data by correcting satellite signals in real time. Traditional GNSS systems typically provide accuracy within a few meters, but RTK can refine this to within a few centimeters. The RTK system typically comprises two main components: a base station and a rover. The base station is set up at a known location, while the rover is mobile, collecting data across the survey area. The base station sends correction signals to the rover, allowing the rover to achieve sub-centimeter accuracy.

The Mechanics Behind RTK

RTK technology relies on phase measurements of the carrier wave of GPS signals. The base station, placed at a fixed, known location, receives signals from GPS satellites and compares them with the expected signal. It then calculates the necessary corrections and transmits these to the rover in real-time, usually via a radio or cell link. The rover applies these corrections to its own GPS data, achieving the high-precision positioning that RTK is known for. For more information on how a GNSS receiver works, check out this article: How Does a GNSS Receiver Work?

A typical base and rover setup, consisting of a base and rover. This particular user was using the Hemisphere S631 in boundary land surveys. 

Pros and Cons of RTK Equipment

Pros of RTK Equipment

• High Accuracy: RTK systems are renowned for their ability to deliver centimeter-level accuracy, which is essential for tasks requiring high precision, such as boundary surveys and construction staking.
• Real-Time Data: The real-time aspect of RTK systems is a significant advantage. Surveyors can make decisions and adjustments on the fly, which can save considerable time and reduce the likelihood of errors.
• No Line-of-Sight Limitation: Unlike total stations where you are limited to line-of-sight measurements, RTK systems do not need to see the base station to shoot a point. Baselines of 10+ kilometers can easily be achieved, with no compounding of error over distance like with total station traversals.  

Versatility: RTK systems are highly versatile and can be used in various environments, from urban areas with clear skies to rural or rugged terrains under trees. Their ability to perform in challenging conditions makes them suitable for a wide range of surveying tasks. See the Hemisphere S631 for an example of a receiver that can perform well in difficult conditions.

RTK equipment is great option for those who need to survey over long distances, and do not want to have to constantly traverse with a total station. Corridors of 50 km+ can be performed by RTK systems.

Cons of RTK Equipment

• Dependency on Signal Quality: The accuracy of RTK systems is heavily dependent on the quality of GPS signals. Obstructions like tall buildings, dense foliage, or severe weather conditions can interfere with signal reception, potentially affecting fix times.   
• Cost Considerations: While RTK systems have become more affordable, they still represent a significant investment, particularly for small businesses. The cost includes not just the equipment itself, but also the software and any ongoing subscription services that may be required for real-time data transmission.

Best Applications for RTK

Boundary Surveys: RTK’s precision makes it ideal for boundary surveys, where accurate delineation of property lines is critical. The real-time data allows surveyors to make immediate adjustments, ensuring that measurements are exact. Especially on larger properties, RTK can significantly improve efficiency, as there is no need to move the base repeatedly to get your measurements. 

Construction Staking: In construction, precise placement of stakes is crucial for ensuring that structures are built according to design specifications. RTK allows for rapid and accurate staking, reducing the likelihood of costly errors. With features like stake nearest and quick select staking in MicroSurvey FieldGenius, you can speed yourself up dramatically with RTK.Topographic Surveys: RTK systems excel in topographic surveys, providing detailed and accurate terrain data. Their ability to function in various environments, including difficult terrains, makes them a reliable choice for mapping and land analysis. For users who perform lots of topographic surveys RTK measurements can dramatically reduce your time on site.

Robotic Total Stations: The Power of Precision and Automation

What is a Robotic Total Station?

A Robotic Total Station (RTS) is an advanced piece of surveying equipment that combines the capabilities of electronic distance measurement (EDM) and angle measurement with automation. Unlike traditional total stations, which require a surveyor to manually aim and operate the instrument, robotic total stations can be operated remotely by a single surveyor using a controller. The RTS tracks a prism that the surveyor holds, automatically adjusting its aim to follow the prism’s movements. This automation significantly enhances efficiency, allowing a solo operator to perform tasks that would traditionally require a team.

The Mechanics Behind Robotic Total Stations

Robotic Total Stations operate by combining the functionalities of a theodolite and an electronic distance meter. The instrument measures horizontal and vertical angles as well as distances, then computes the precise location of the prism. The automation comes from the RTS’s ability to follow the prism, thanks to an onboard motor that adjusts the instrument’s position based on the prism’s location. This tracking allows for continuous data collection as the surveyor moves, streamlining the process and reducing the need for multiple setups.

Robotic total stations follow the users remotely. There is no need to have a second operator at the instrument aiming towards the target. It is a great solution for lone operators. 

Pros and Cons of Robotic Total Stations

Pros of Robotic Total Stations

• High Precision: Robotic total stations offer exceptional precision, often reaching sub-centimeter accuracy. This makes them suitable for detailed and complex surveys where every millimeter counts. Their autonomous nature also helps reduce measurement errors created by operators. 
• Automation: One of the key advantages of robotic total stations is their automation. The ability to track the prism and make adjustments automatically means that a single surveyor can operate the station, significantly increasing productivity and labour costs. 
• Versatility: Robotic total stations are versatile tools that can be used for a wide range of applications, from basic measurements to complex engineering surveys. Their adaptability makes them valuable in various scenarios.
•  Time Efficiency: The automation and precision of robotic total stations mean that surveys can be completed more quickly than with traditional methods. This time efficiency can translate into cost savings, particularly for projects on tight deadlines. One of our most popular models is the GeoMax Zoom95 robotic total station.

Cons of Robotic Total Stations

• Line-of-Sight Requirement: One of the limitations of robotic total stations is the need for a clear line of sight between the instrument and the prism. This requirement can be a challenge in environments with obstacles such as buildings, trees, or uneven terrain. On congested construction sites, you can easily lose lock if your station becomes blocked by equipment or people. 
• Complexity and Learning Curve: While robotic total stations are powerful tools, they can be complex to operate. The sophistication of the equipment may require additional training and practice to use effectively. If you are a new user, RTK offers a significantly easier entry point.
• Higher Costs: Robotic total stations are typically more expensive than RTK systems. The initial investment can be substantial, and ongoing maintenance costs may also be higher, which could be a consideration for smaller companies.

Best Applications for Robotic Total Stations

Construction Layouts: Robotic total stations are ideal for construction layouts, where precision and efficiency are crucial. The automation allows for fast and accurate placement of layout points, reducing the risk of errors that could impact the build process.

Engineering Surveys: For detailed engineering projects, particularly those involving intricate measurements or designs, robotic total stations provide the precision and flexibility needed to meet the stringent requirements of such surveys.

Monitoring and Deformation Surveys: In projects where ongoing monitoring of structures or land is required, such as in deformation surveys, the automation and accuracy of robotic total stations make them the preferred choice. Their ability to track changes over time with high precision is invaluable in these applications.

Bridge Construction: Where extremely tight tolerances are required, robotic total stations are often the best choice. Over short baselines, robotic total station will give the best absolute accuracies. This makes them perfect for applications where accuracies in the range of +/- 2 mm are desired. 

RTK vs. Robotic Total Stations: Which Should You Choose?

When it comes to deciding between RTK equipment and robotic total stations, the choice ultimately depends on the specific needs of your surveying business. Both technologies offer high levels of accuracy and efficiency, but they are best suited to different types of tasks and environments.

Consider RTK if your work involves extensive outdoor surveys where real-time data is essential. RTK systems are particularly effective in boundary surveys, topographic mapping, and construction staking, where precision and the ability to make on-the-spot decisions are crucial. Their versatility and ease of use in various terrains make them a reliable choice for surveyors who need flexibility.

Opt for a Robotic Total Station if your projects demand the highest level of precision and involve complex layouts or engineering tasks. Robotic total stations excel in construction and engineering surveys, where the ability to automate processes and maintain continuous precision is invaluable. Despite their higher cost and complexity, the efficiency gains they offer can more than justify the investment, particularly for one-man operations looking to maximize productivity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both RTK systems and robotic total stations are indispensable tools in the modern surveyor’s toolkit. For a one-man surveying company, the decision between the two should be guided by the nature of your projects, the environments you work in, and your budget. By selecting the right equipment, you can enhance your business’s capabilities, taking on a broader range of projects with confidence and precision. Whether you lean towards the real-time accuracy of RTK or the automation and versatility of robotic total stations, investing in quality equipment will set your business up for long-term success.

FAQs

Bench Mark Equipment & Supplies is your team to trust with all your surveying equipment. We have been providing high-quality surveying equipment to land surveyors, engineers, construction, airborne and resource professionals since 2002. This helps establish ourselves as the go-to team in Calgary, Canada, and the USA. Plus, we provide a wide selection of equipment, including global navigation satellite systems, RTK GPS equipment, GNSS receivers, and more. We strive to provide the highest level of customer care and service for everyone. To speak to one of our team today, call us at 403-286-0333 or email us at [email protected].